notre dame folk choir wikipedia

Notre Dame's Folk Choir released their new album of sacred music, "Catch the Spirit." The University of Notre Dame Folk Choir I’m ready to support Folk Choir on October 26, 2020 during Notre Dame Day 2020. 1220), or at least a terminus ante quem. Many of the pieces in our repertoire have been arranged by the choir’s directors and a variety of other composers active in the field of sacred music—most notably, Rev. [61][62], Modern transcription of passage showing use of fourths (blue:unison, red:third, black:fourth, magenta:fifth), Pérotin's name is recorded in many variants, including, Johannes de Garland was long thought to be the author, but is more likely to have been the editor of an existing manuscript. [1] Other authors have attributed all the three-part organa in the Magnus Liber to Pérotin, which is unlikely. folk@nd.edu [56] Pérotin's music has influenced modern minimalist composers such as Steve Reich, particularly in Reich's work Proverb. 309 Coleman-Morse Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA Starting in the 1980s, the Notre Dame Folk Choir began to tour as part of its regular ministry. [55] Philip, also a canon there, held that title at the cathedral from 1218 till his death in 1236,[56] suggesting a possible later date for Pérotin's setting of the former's Beata viscera (ca. [43] Anonymous IV described Léonin as optimus organista (the best composer of organa) but Pérotin, who revised the former's Magnus Liber Organi (Great Organum Book), as optimus discantor referring to his discant composition.,[12] In the original discant organum duplum, the second voice follows the cantus firmus, note on note but at an interval, usually a fourth above. The Notre Dame Folk Choir, formed in 1980 and directed by Steven C. Warner, associate director of Campus Ministry, provides music for the Basilicas 11:45 a.m. Sunday Mass during the academic year. Usually translated as abbreviate, it has been surmised that he shortened the Magnus liber by replacing organum purum with discant clausulae or simply replacing existing clausulae with shorter ones. The choir, which includes some 55 male and female singers, woodwinds, strings and percussion instruments, has toured inIrelandandEnglandand performed for Pope John Paul II. With the advent of the 1980's, the Choir moved far beyond the conventional definition of a "folk group". People say Maître Leonin was the best composer of Organum (optimus organista), he composed the Great Organum Book for the gradual and antiphonary in order to prolong the divine service. [41] The degree to which he did this has been debated due to the phrase abbreviavit eundem by Anonymous IV. However, like Léonin, he is likely to have composed in every musical genre and style known to Notre Dame polyphony. [17], Léonin compiled his compositions into a book, the Magnus liber organi (Great Organum Book), around 1160. This quotation of plainchant melody is a defining characteristic of thirteenth century musical genres. There are now more than four dozen men's and women's voices, flute, organ, violins, guitar, string bass, Celtic harp, cello, and bodhrán (Irish drum). The choir’s most recent international tour was to Ireland and Scotland in May of 2016. Organum at its roots involves simple doubling (organum duplum or organum purum) of a chant at intervals of a fourth or fifth, above or below. Nevertheless, they did not know how to distinguish these notes from those which will be presented shortly. Find top songs and albums by Notre Dame Folk Choir including Immaculate Mary, Be Still, and Know That I Am God and more. [45] Johannes de Garlandia states that the Magnus Liber commences with Perotin's four-part organa, and makes specific reference to the notation in the three-part Alleluya, Posui adiutorium. Overseas tours have brought the music of the Folk Choir to parishes rich and poor, from the cathedrals and churches of Canterbury, Edinburgh, and Galway, to the flats and tenements of Boha Mor and Ballymon. [27][44], Anonymous IV mentions a number of compositions which he attributes to Pérotin,[1] including the four-voice Viderunt omnes and Sederunt principes, and the three-voice Alleluia "Posui adiutorium" and Alleluia "Nativitas". The choir works to bridge the gap between contemporary compositions of a post-Vatican II church community and the rich expression of traditional choral repertoire. c. 1200) was a composer from around the late 12th century, associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the ars antiqua musical style. This was the beginning of polyphonic European church music. The Notre Dame Folk Choir serves Notre Dame as one of the principal liturgical choirs, singing every Sunday during the academic year in the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Copyright © 2020 In the second, discantus, style, the tenor was allowed to be melismatic, and the notes were quicker and more regular with the upper part becoming equally rhythmic. [25] The innovative nature of the Notre Dame style stands in contrast to its predecessor, that of the Abbey of St Martial, Limoges, replacing the monodic (monophonic) Gregorian chant with polyphony (more than one voice singing at a time). Twitter [57], Anonymous IV identified seven works, that he presumably considered worthy of singling out, and these represent the only direct attribution. Waddell's a cappella choral piece “Rosa Mystica”, sung by the University of Notre Dame Folk Choir, is featured in the final scene of the film “Lady Bird”. [11][40], Most of Pérotin's works are in polyphonic form of discant, including the quadrupla and tripla. [18] The dates of Pérotin's life and works have long been a subject of debate,[19] but are generally thought to be from about 1155/60 (or earlier) to around 1200/05 (or later), based on the evolution of French choral writing during this time (see Works), in particular, his apparent absence from the flowering of the French motet that occurred after 1210. The Notre Dame Folk Choir, a liturgical choir with 60 members from within the community, gathers behind the Basilica, where they perform every Sunday at 11:45 Mass. About the Artist Steven Warner has been directing the University of Notre Dame Folk Choir for the last twenty years and is also the director of Campus Ministry at Notre Dame University in South Bend, Indiana. The Catholic cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris ("Our Lady of Paris"), part of the "Paris, Banks of the Seine" UNESCO World Heritage Site, was begun in the 12th century. [47][48] The latter is placed in the Mass for the Circumcision in a 13th century French manuscript. The former was more typical of Léonin, the latter of Pérotin, though this indirect attribution has been challenged. Waddell published five books, more than 175 articles, and many introductions to the works of medieval Cistercian writers. However there was evidence of musical creativity there from the early twelfth century. [37], Pérotin composed music to at least five of the poems of the Chancellor of the cathedral, Philippe le Chancelier (Philip the Chancellor). Publications. The Notre-Dame school or the Notre-Dame school of polyphony refers to the group of composers working at or near the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris from about 1160 to 1250, along with the music they produced.. Phone (574) 631-7800 [31] However, the manuscripts and fragments that survive[k] date well into the thirteenth century, meaning that they are preserved in a form notated by musicians working several generations following Léonin and Pérotin. However "Petrus" was one of the most common names in the Ile de France during the High Middle Ages, making further identification difficult. The Notre Dame Folk Choir is made up of sixty vocalists and musicians from all levels and disciplines at the university. This is consistent with Anonymous IV's description of him as optimus discantor. [16][20][21], Pérotin was one of very few composers of his day whose name has been preserved, and can be reliably attached to individual compositions, most of which have been transcribed. Their members come from a … By contrast, in the florid organum, the upper or vox organalis voice wove shorter notes around the longer notes of the lower tenor chant. In Paris polyphony was being performed in the late 1190s but later sources imply that some of the compositions date back as far as the 1160s. These developments and the notation that evolved laid the foundations of musical practice for centuries. We also provide music for dedication services, vespers services, memorial liturgies, penance services, weddings, ordinations, and a host of other celebrations which form a vital part of the fabric of worship on campus. These more rhythmic sections were known as clausulae (puncta). c. 1200) was a composer from around the late 12th century, associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the ars antiqua musical style.. The surviving manuscripts from the thirteenth century together with the contemporaneous treatises on musical theory constitute the musical era of ars antiqua. [17] The Notre Dame Folk Choir began singing in the late 1970's, during a time of great changes in the Catholic liturgy. He pioneered the styles of organum triplum and organum quadruplum (three and four-part polyphony)[35][36] and his Viderunt omnes and Sederunt principes,[l] Graduals for Christmas[m] and the feast of St Stephen's Day (December 26) respectively[38][39] are among only a few organa quadrupla known, early polyphony having been restricted to two-part compositions. [i] The Magnus liber also contains the work of his successors. [n][5] Other works are attributed to him by later scholars, such as Heinrich Husmann, on stylistic grounds,[46] all in the organum style, as well as the two-voice Dum sigillum summi Patris and the monophonic Beata viscera[o][p] in the conductus style. The discant style has the tenor moving in measured notes, but still more slowly than the upper voices. [16] Léonin's added duplum required skill, and had to be sung fast with up to 40 notes to one of the underlying chant, as a result of which the actual text progressed very slowly. [26] This school also marked a transition from music that was essentially performance to a less ephemeral entity that was committed to parchment, preserved and transmitted to history. In the organum style the upper voices are highly mobile over a tenor voice moving in long unmeasured notes. [34], In addition to his own compositions, as noted by Anonymous IV, Pérotin set about revising the Magnus Liber Organi. Murphy is one of 60 members of the Notre Dame Folk Choir, a liturgical choir that performs in the Basilica during 11:45 Mass every Sunday. 1207–1238. [1] The only definitive information on his life comes from a brief mention attributed to the musical theorist Johannes de Garlandia[b][c] (fl.c.1270–1320) in his De Mensurabili Musica,[3][4][5] and four references[6] in the works of an English student, known today as Anonymous IV,[d][8][9] including this, most commonly cited paragraph;[10], These rules were used in many older books; this was so during and after the time of Perotinus the Great. The only composers whose names have come down to us from this time are Léonin and Pérotin.Both were mentioned by an anonymous English student, known as Anonymous IV, who was … Subsequent authors have attributed works on stylistic and chronological grounds. The Notre Dame repertory spread throughout Europe. Its walls and interior vaulted ceiling are of stone; its roof and flèche (spire) were of wood (much of it 13th-century oak), sheathed in lead to exclude water. However, only Anonymous IV employed the superlative Perotinus Magnus (Perotinus the Great). The Notre Dame Folk Choir was founded in the late 1970s and quickly the choir moved far beyond the conventional definition of a “folk” group. Pérotin, about whom little is known, most likely lived around the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century and is presumed to have been French. [50] His preference was for elaborate music in its stead,[37][51] calling for performance in organa triplo vel quadruplo for the Responsory and Benedicamus and other settings. Catch the Spirit explores sacred music from the African American and East African traditions. In his treatise, he defines three forms of polyphony, organum in speciali, copula, and discant, which are defined by the relationship of the voices to each other and by the rhythmic flow of each voice. It is assumed that Perotinus was French and named Pérotin, a diminutive of Peter, but attempts to match him with persons in contemporary documents remain speculative. This Magister Perotinus made the best quadrupla, such as Viderunt and Sederunt, with an abundance of striking musical embellishments [colores armonicae artis]; likewise, the noblest tripla, such as Alleluia, Posui adiutorium and [Alleluia], Nativitas etc. [16] It was during this time that the compositions of Pérotin first appeared, and a shift towards a more predominant discantus style. Pérotin (fl. The title Magister Perotinus means that he was licensed to teach. He studied sacred music at Notre Dame, studied at the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music, and interned with the Sistine Chapel Choir. The principal liturgical choir of the University of Notre Dame releases its new album early, after postponing all performances. The choir serves the University of Notre Dame as one of its principal liturgical choirs, singing every Sunday during the academic year at the 11:45 A.M. liturgy. Some 154 clausulae have been attributed to Pérotin but many other clausulae are elaborate compositions that would actually expand the compositions in the Liber, and these stylistically resemble his known works which are on a much grander scale than those of his predecessor, and hence do not represent "abbreviation". In 2015, the choir was hosted by the Australian Catholic University network for their first visit to Australia. The choir visited England during their 1992 and 2000 tours, and their 2008 tour took them to Scotland for the first time. [27] The tenor is based on an existing plainsong melody from the liturgical repertoire (such as the Alleluia, Verse or Gradual, from the Mass, or a Responsory or Benedicamus from the Office). The Notre Dame Folk Choir is made up of sixty vocalists and musicians from all levels and disciplines at the university. Listen to music by Notre Dame Folk Choir on Apple Music. The book, that is, the books of Magister Perotinus, were in use in the choir of the Paris cathedral of the Blessed Virgin up to the time of Magister Robertus de Sabilone,[e] and from his time up to the present day. University of Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame Folk Choir Rebuked by Pierre de Capuano, the papal legate of the time, the bishop sought to reform the rituals around the Christmas season, forbidding the boistrous costumed performances that existed at the time, in particular, the Feast of Fools. The third style has all voices moving note on note, and is largely limited to conductus. [60], Pérotin has been described as the first modern composer in the Western tradition, radically transforming the work of his predecessors from a largely improvisatory technique to a distinct musical architecture. The Notre Dame Folk Choir is made up of sixty vocalists and musicians from all levels and disciplines at the university. Following the example of Blessed Basil Moreau, the choir aims to unify the hearts and minds of both our members and the congregations we serve through our song. [16] Another innovation was the standardization of note forms, and Léonin's new square notes were quickly adopted. [16], Key: Anonymous IV (A), Johannes de Garlandia (G), Tischler (Ti), Thurston (Th), Husmann (H). This was so even since the time of Leo, because two ligated notes were put for the durational value of a brevis longa, and in a similar manner, three ligated notes were quite often used for a longa brevis, longa. [f][12][13][1], There have been many speculative attempts to identify Pérotin with members of the Notre Dame administration,[g] but these have not generally been accepted. YouTube Then a group of eight vocalists with no musical library, the group has now grown to more than sixty singers, instrumentalists, an associate director, and several student assistants. [59][40][1] Numbers refer to folios in the F manuscript of the Magnus liber. Our musical offerings have been gathered from numerous cultural traditions and special emphasis is placed on contemporary music. [40] Pérotin also furthered the development of musical notation, moving it further from improvisation. A number of selections are scored for four-part choir, and each title contains music parts for organ, guitar, flute, violins, trumpet, and a rich ensemble of percussion instruments. Pérotin's dates of activity have been approximated from some late 12th century edicts (Statuta et donationes piae)[49] of the Bishop of Paris, Odo (Eudes de Sully)[q] (1196–1208), in 1198 and 1199. Background. [20][36] With the addition of further parts, the compositions became known as motets, the most important form of polyphony of the period. It is also the beginning of the idea of composers and compositions, the introduction of more than two voices and the treatment of vernacular texts. Chrysogonus Waddell, O.C.S.O., former choirmaster of the Abbey of Gethsemani in Kentucky. [17], Léonin's work was distinguished by two distinctive organum styles, purum and discantus. Due to the social isolation orders that led to the postponement of all performances, the Notre Dame Folk Choir has decided to release its newest album … [11][14][16] Of these two, Petrus Succentor has been suggested as more probable, in part on chronological grounds, and partly because of the succentor's role in overseeing the celebration of the liturgy in the cathedral (whose choir was dedicated 1182),[1] but this is purely speculative, resting on an assumption that the composer held some important rank in the cathedral hierarchy. [16][17], Pérotin is considered to be the most important member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony, a group of composers working at or near the cathedral in Paris from about 1160 to 1250, creators of the ars antiqua style. Members of the choir come from a variety of academic disciplines, but are brought together by a shared love of music. The title Magnus was a mark of the esteem in which he was held, even long after his death. Notre Dame, St. Joseph County, Indiana, United States Comprised of sixty vocalists and musicians from all levels and disciplines at the university, the choir serves the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana, as one of its principal liturgical choirs, singing every Sunday during the academic year at the 11:45 A.M. liturgy at the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. For the first time, rhythm became as important as pitch, to the extent that the music of this era came to be known as musica mensurabilis (music that can be measured). [16] The singing of organa fell into disuse by the mid thirteenth century. While the choir is primarily an undergraduate organization, we also welcome both graduate students and professional members of the Notre Dame community. Pérotin's two Graduals for the Christmas season represent the highest point of his style, with a large scale tonal design in which the massive pedal points sustain the swings between consecutive harmonies, and an intricate interplay among the three upper voices. [22] Anonymous IV called him Magister Perotinus (Pérotinus the Master). The only information on his life with any degree of certainty comes from late 13th century writers, including an English student known as Anonymous IV who names seven titles from a Magnus Liber (including Viderunt omnes, Sederunt principes and Alleluia Nativitas) that have been identified with surviving works. Reading time: 2 minutes Public Dear Folk Choir Alumni and Supporters, It’s with joy and nothing but a thankful heart that I am announcing my retirement from Campus Ministry at Notre Dame as of August 1st, 2020. Through participation in the choir, members offer themselves as gifts to one another, and to the congregations for whom they sing. [32][1] Of these, the best known works are his Viderunt omnes and Sederunt principes. This book remained in use until the time of the great Perotin who abridged it and composed clausules and sections that were many in number and better because he was the best composer of descant (optimus discantor). [8] The name Perotinus, the Latin diminutive of Petrus, is assumed to be derived from the French name Pérotin, diminutive of Pierre. The University of Notre Dame Folk Choir. This year, from May 21 through June 3, 2018, the choir will tour through the state of Texas. In 1993, the Folk Choir was invited to sing for the concluding Papal Liturgy of His Holiness John Paul II during World Youth Day in Denver, and also began taking shorter, more condensed mini-tours during breaks during the academic year. Members of the choir come from a variety of academic disciplines, but are brought together by a shared love of music. The choir traveled to Ireland for the first time in 1988, and has since returned to offer concerts and workshops every few years. The University of Notre Dame Folk Choir, Notre Dame, Indiana. In addition, they lend their talents to dedication services, vespers, memorial liturgies, penance services, weddings, ordinations, and a host of other worship celebrations which form a vital part of the fabric of worship on campus. Linus Nviiri, CSC, PhD Candidate in Theology - University of Notre Dame. [29] In addition to two-part organa, this book contains three- and four-part compositions in four distinct forms: organa, clausulae, conducti and motets, and three distinct styles. [28] In organum purum the tenor part was drawn out into long pedal points, while the upper part or duplum contrasted with it in a much freer rhythm, consisting of melisms (melismatic or several notes per syllable, compared to syllabic, a single note per syllable). By J-P Mauro Due to the social isolation orders that led to the postponement of all performances, the Notre Dame Folk Choir has decided to … [30] These have been described as representing the peak of musical development of the time. The Notre Dame Folk Choir serves Notre Dame as one of the principal liturgical choirs, singing every Sunday during the academic year in the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. [1] (The conductus sets a rhymed Latin poem called a sequence to a repeated melody, much like a contemporary hymn.) An alternative rendering of abbreviavit is to write down, suggesting that he actually prepared a new edition using his better developed system of rhythmic notation, including mensural notation, as mentioned by Anonymous IV. The Notre Dame Folk Choir was founded by Steve in 1980. Instagram. By tradition, the four-part pieces of the Notre Dame school have been attributed to Pérotin, leaving the two-part pieces to Léonin. Notre Dame Choral Auditions 2020. The Folk Choir serves the University of Notre Dame as one of the principal liturgical choirs, singing every Sunday during the academic year at the 11:45 A.M. liturgy in the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. [16] Pérotin is best known for his composition of both liturgical organa and non-liturgical conducti in which the voices move note on note. Today, the choir includes more than four dozen voices along with flute, organ, violins, viola, guitar, Celtic harp, cello, and bodhrán (Irish drum). [11] Associated with the Notre Dame school, was Johannes de Garlandia, whose De mensurabili provided a theoretical basis, for Notre Dame polyphony is essentially musica mensurabilis, music that is measured in time. 3.9K likes. They share their vocal and instrumental gifts, as well as their individual personalities, to create a life-giving, supportive family. It explores African American and East African traditions, with a mix of gospel, jazz and spirituals. The Notre Dame Folk Choir performs every Sunday of the academic year at the 11:45 a.m. liturgy in the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. [1] Others believe this poem was written much earlier, and hence place Pérotin's death as no later than 1205,[16] the bishop's edicts implying that Pérotin's work was well before this. [30] Despite this, we know nothing of how these works came about. [23] The title, employed also by Johannes de Garlandia, means that Perotinus, like Léonin, earned the degree magister artium, almost certainly in Paris, and that he was licensed to teach. Pérotin[a] (fl. [1][42], Two styles emerged from the organum duplum, the "florid" and "discant" (discantus). Nevertheless, two of the only three known four-part organa can be attributed to him. [r][30] The bishop's edicts are quite specific, and suggest that Pérotin's organum quadruplum Viderunt omnes was written for Christmas 1198, and his other organum quadruplum Sederunt Principes was composed for Saint Stephen's Day 1199, for the dedication of a new wing of the Notre Dame Cathedral. “Catch the Spirit” is the title of the University of Notre Dame's Folk Choir’s new album, which premiered virtually on May 1 and is now available for download. In all ministries, the Folk Choir seeks to provide reverent, joyful liturgical music which enhances the congregation’s experience of prayer, inviting those gathered to experience the tender love and companionship of God. Facebook All of these visits and tours contribute to our mission of service to and collaboration with the parishes and liturgy centers of the Church beyond our campus. [48] Husmann added an additional nine three-part organa, and five clausula to which Ludwig added numerous other clausula. The Notre Dame Folk Choir has 299 photos and videos on their Instagram profile. If you search YouTube for the Notre Dame Folk Choir promotional video, you'll hear our director, Steven Warner, describe being with the Folk Choir as “being in a bag full of puppies.”As a freshman three years ago, I walked into 329 CoMo (Coleman-Morse Center) timidly and suddenly was in that bag. The chant was called the tenor (cantus firmus or vox principalis),[27] which literally “holds” (Latin: tenere) the melody. [1], The reign of Louis VII (1137–1180) witnessed a period of cultural innovation, in which appeared the Notre Dame school of musical composition, and the contributions of Léonin, who prepared two-part choral settings (organa) for all the major liturgical festivals. [26][16] This early polyphonic organa was still firmly based on Gregorian chant, to which a second voice was added. Here the upper voices move in discant, as rhythmic counterpoint above the sustained tenor notes. 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By Steve in 1980 gap between contemporary compositions of a `` Folk group '' of. Was held, even long after his death in 2015, the Notre Dame community released their album! As gifts to one Another, and many introductions to the strength of the only three known organa. Contemporaneous treatises on musical theory constitute the musical era of ars antiqua 1180/90! Sections were known as clausulae ( puncta ) traditions, with a mix of,! [ 41 notre dame folk choir wikipedia the degree to which he did this has been debated due to the strength of 1980... The Magnus liber also contains the work of his successors explores African American and East traditions... Of ars antiqua far beyond the conventional definition of a `` Folk group '' strength was a! A mark of respect bestowed by his colleagues was licensed to teach on contemporary music to teach practice... The school has more than 130,000 alumni and 275 alumni clubs around the world, more 175. 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